CPUs, similar to Intel Mobile Celeron N3160. CPUs, similar to Intel Core i7-3540M (BGA) The i7-3540M is a BGA1023 processor, based on Ivy Bridge core. Frequency. CPUs, similar to Intel Core i3-3120M (BGA) The Intel Core i3-3120M (BGA) is a BGA1023 processor, based on Ivy Bridge core. Here you can quickly compare any "Coffee Lake" microprocessor in socket BGA1440 compatible package with all other CPUs for the same socket and microarchitecture. CPUs, similar to Intel Pentium J3710. Intel Blknuc5i3mybe Intel Desktop Motherboard Intel Chipset Socket Bga 1168 Intel Core I3 I3 5010u Dual Core 2 Core 2 10 Ghz 5 Pack Ultra Compact 1 X Processor Support 16 Gb Ddr3 Sdram Walmart Com. fed_dit. Below you will find brief characteristics of these chips, together with stepping information. Specifications. About A8-Series family: AMD A8-Series for Notebooks family includes 22 microprocessors, having from 2 to 4 cores, and operating at frequencies up to 2. . Important: Below is a support list for the HM65 Express chipset, and not a support list for your motherboard, built on that chipset. LGA 3647 is a special type of socket specifically made in 2016 to be used on Xeon and Skylake-SP processors, with support for a six-channel memory controller, non-volatile 3D XPoint memory, and. 05-22-2021 01:23 AM 1,112 Views I have an Intel Celeron N3060 or processor Intel Celeron CPU N3060 1. Socket Type And Pins Number. Brief characteristics and stepping information of these CPUs are provided below. Current CPu is AMD Athlon II M320,Chipset AMD Smbus,socket S1(S1g3). Doc. Overall performance of processors, marked with (1), was estimated. 466. 466. 2 GHz. Other peripherals. The motherboards that passively cool this CPU have much smaller passive heatsinks. This time, I upgraded a Late-2008 Aluminum Unibody MacBook (MacBook5,1) from its original 2. In andere Sockel wie z. 60Ghz soket 1150 dan Fan. All processors for socket BGA 1440. Under the default CPU tab, the "Package" field will show. 7 GHz Six-Core twelve-Thread 65W CPU Processor L3=8M 100-000000143 Socket AM4 NO FAN. Jenis socket ini memungkinkan laptop Anda dapat melakukan upgrade. There are also 25 Haswell CPUs, that work in the same socket. Yeah, I know its junk, but I happen to have a 4GB DIMM for it and if I could upgrade it to a more recent celery, like an N3050 I could potentially build a very low powered Linux machine to donate or give away! The. Remove back panel after disconnecting battery to ram connection. Intel Core i3 Mobile, Core i5 Mobile, Core i7 Mobile, Core i7 Mobile Extreme Edition, Mobile Celeron Dual-Core, Pentium Dual. saya baca di CPU-World ada CPU yang mirip spesifikasi nya dengan AMD E1-6015 tapi yang lebih kenceng. Important: Below is a support list for the H61 Express chipset, and not a support list for your motherboard, built on that chipset. 000. Intel Core i7-4650U Intel Core i7-4500U Intel Core i7-4610Y Intel Core i7-4550U Intel Core i5-4350U Intel Core i5-4250U Intel Core i5-4200U Intel Core i5-4300Y Intel Core i3-4010U Intel Core i5-4200Y Intel Core i5-4210Y Intel Core i3-4020Y Intel Core i3. Currently (February 2015), the socket G2 works with single-, dual- and quad-core mobile microprocessors, operating at frequencies at up to 3 GHz, and having Thermal Design Power in the 35 Watt - 55 Watt range. Dec 29, 2014. The Mobile Celeron N2840 is a BGA1170 microprocessor, based on Bay Trail-M core. Other key factors are: socket type, package type, maximum Thermal Design Power, BIOS version, CPU core name and stepping. All processors for socket FP6. 9 GHz Clock Speed. In this way, the CPU can connect with the socket and the electrical connection becomes active and then, the other processes will go on. Apa maksud socket 1170 bga. Also, it will be hard to convince AMD or its OEMs to sell you a single BGA Ryzen. Intel Core i3 Mobile family contains 97 CPUs, having from 2 to 4 cores, and running at frequencies up to 3. Just need to confirm that the package reported in CPU-Z refers to the bga layout. Bus Speed 8 GT/s. 4 Core and 4 Thread with 2. - Optimized for cloud, enterprise, HPC,. There are also 43 Intel Ivy Bridge microprocessors, that work in the same socket. 2 Core and 4 Thread with 1. Intel Bay Trail Host Bridge rev 0E. In theory it is possible to swap the CPU with a reflow station, I think I checked an 8350U would be a good target chip. Intel Core i5-8210Y. The performance value for many microprocessors was determined from more than 10 different real-world tests and synthetic benchmarks. 20 GHz. The chipset is only one of key elements that determine CPU compatibility. CPU-Upgrade: Intel Mobile Celeron Dual-Core family. The chipset is only one of key elements that determine CPU compatibility. Please see Intel Mobile Pentium page for details on other microprocessors from the family. The upgrade path I have followed thus far fits the socket 479 projected upgrade path exactly as CPU World have determined it should for this type of cpu. Steppings. It also supports hardware-based video encoding. And also, I think the case would more likely be the GPU bottlenecking the i7-5500U. Benchmark: 3854. Страница поможет вам определиться, какие процессоры подходят для сокета Intel BGA 1170, вышедшего в 2013 году, чтобы вы смогли выбрать лучший по рейтингу. 8 GHz on its 8 performance cores. Please note that it also depends on the motherboard bios whether a processor is supported, even if the socket is identical or suitable for the processor. 60Ghz. Georgije. CPU sockets are not ubiquitous. CPU Benchmark Intel Pentium Silver J5040 @ 2. 0. It appeared in 2009. There are also 48 Intel Sandy Bridge parts, that work in the same socket. Supported CPU families. A58 Package 8 Willem Eprom Programmer Pcb50b Soic8 209mil Adapter Extractor. AMD Ryzen 5 3600 6-Core, 12-Thread Unlocked Desktop Processor with Wraith Stealth CoolerCPU socket. Technically, BGA follows a specific type of Surface Mount Technology or SMT in which the connectors are solder balls set underneath the chip made up of. Build and select the best gaming CPU from all compatible computer processors list. Two pairs of Dominator DDR5 5200 32G (16GX2). by socket type. The Intel Mobile Celeron N3150 is a BGA1170 CPU, based on Braswell core. 5 Watt, Silvermont 4 cores 4 threads, 0. Intel Xeon W-10855M. I believe the processor upgrade specs are incorrect regarding the ability to upgrade the processor. Motherboard. PGA (Pin Grid Array) merupakan jenis socket yang umumnya digunakan pada laptop. SSE2. #3. Threading. Joined. All Mobile Celeron microprocessors use two-level cache architecture, and integrate up to 4 MB of last level cache. Rp260. 4. Download Images Library Photos and Pictures. All processors for socket LGA 1156. Socket BGA; Cara Upgrade Processor Laptop #1. Supported memory: DDR3L-1333. 0 KB x 2: L2 Cache: 1. It indicates the socket is a BGA (Ball Grid Array) which means the processor is an integral part of the motherboard (soldered to it). 46 GHz with effective front-side bus frequencies. I have HP Want to upgrade CPU and RAM but i can't find any info pls help. Below you will find brief characteristics and stepping information for. CPU list for socket BGA 559 Here we have listed all processors for socket BGA 559. #1 Found an old computer in garbage. Its lightweight appearance is free from distraction, so you can focus on what. Recent GPU Compute Results. 20 GHz. Đối với AMD, các chân cắm ở trên CPU, còn socket là một tập hợp các lỗ mà các chân cắm CPU đi vào. The socket was introduced in September 2009 along with the first three Core i7-branded mobile CPUs, and eventually Intel launched compatible Core 5, Core i3,. 800. TS. Model / Part. 24 GHz Overclocking Speed — 14 nm — Socket BGA-1170 — HD Graphics 400 Graphics. ago. 0 Excellent. Below you will find brief characteristics and stepping information for these microprocessors. One Mobile Pentium processor utilize three-level cache architecture, and integrate up to 1 MB of level 3 cache. There are also 17 Bay Trail-M parts, that work in the same socket. [Download 39+] Socket 1170 Bga Cpu Upgrade Get Images Library Photos and Pictures. Intel Celeron N3160 Quad-core (4 Core) 1. I used a solder station wire holder with magnifying glass, the one that looks like a little robot friend to view it while I used a plastic exacto style knife I had. All Core i5 processors have up to 9 MB of L3. Information Bulletin – Update on concrete encasement of service ducts within building walls and meter socket requirements R1 [PDF, 2. If the processor were not soldered to the motherboard, it might be able to be. Intel Pentium M 740 (BGA) performance. Asrock Q1900b Itx Intel Celeron J1900 Fh8065301615009 Laptop Cpu Upgrade Intel Celeron Pentium To Core I3 I5 I7 Processors Kompom Ga J1800n D2h Gigabyte Desktop Motherboard Intel Chipset Socket Bga 1170 Intel Celeron J1800 Dual Core 2 Core 2 41 Ghz Refurbished 1 minute ago, zMeul said: even if you get that CPU off the mobo, good luck finding a BGA CPU for sale. Messages. Intel® Celeron® CPU N2807 @ 1. Specifications. The CPU’s socket; The motherboard’s chipset; BIOS compatibility. 30 mm in diameter. I would think they wouldn't be compatible. North Bridge. these CPUs use Intel's Socket 1170 to. Cache 16 MB Intel® Smart Cache. I was looking at various Celeron processors on Wikipedia, and noticed that some Celeron's were socket 1170. 42 GHz 1 Processor, 2 Cores Processor ID: GenuineIntel Family 6 Model 55 Stepping 8: Processor Codename: Bay Trail-D: Processor Package: Socket 1170 BGA: L1 Instruction Cache: 32 KB x 2: L1 Data Cache: 24 KB x 2: L2 Cache: 1024 KB: L3 Cache: 0 KB: Motherboard: Positivo. Rp77. However, you'd need a stencil ($30), CPU ($200-250), and another $300 or so. The performance value for many CPUs was determined from more than 10 different synthetic and real-world tests. Intel Braswell Host Bridge rev 35. 20 GHz. 4 GHz Clock Speed. 58 MHz (29 * 83. The Mobile Celeron N2830 is based on Bay Trail-M core, and it utilizes BGA1170. Most processors support Turbo technology. tapi gw beranikan diri nanya karena setau gw (gatau. BGA is soldered on. CPUs, similar to Intel Mobile Celeron N3060. F. This reference CPU Database will help you find the processor specs of your CPU or the specifications of the one you are looking to buy. Socket A: Introduced in 1999 as a solution for the new Athlon CPU, the main competitor to the Pentium III. In computer hardware, a CPU socket or CPU slot contains one or more mechanical components providing mechanical and electrical connections between a microprocessor and a printed circuit board (PCB). (073) 444 5141. 60GHz on a Socket FCBGA 1170 , with 4 cores and Max TDP of 6W with 8 GB - 5325493 Only processors for an LGA socket can be exchanged independently as they are only plugged into the mainboard. 27,960. Untuk menjawab nih, bagi Anda yang lagi ingin upgrade processor laptop, saya akan menjelaskannya. [quotemsg=17220670,0,1483911]Not if it's a BGA1168. BGA ソケットなどの他のソケットでは、プロセッサは. Only processors for an LGA socket can be exchanged independently as they are only plugged into the mainboard. CPU Cooler. Rp250. Intel Pentium N3530 Intel Celeron J1900 Intel Pentium N3520 Intel Celeron N3160 Intel Celeron N2930 Intel Celeron J1850 Intel Atom E3845 Intel Pentium N3710 @ 1. This list was acquired from an actual Intel Core i7 Mobile i7-2640M processor with the help of the x86 CPUID instruction. 754. If the processor were not soldered to the motherboard, it might be able to be upgraded. (Baca juga : Jenis Socket Processor). 3. 49. Dec 30, 2015. IF my system is 2. PGA는 CPU와 메인보드 중 CPU에 핀이 달려있는 방식입니다. Popular processors. [/quotemsg] U-series is a 15W 2-core chip with a large cache. I installed Speccy on the computer just to get all this info and to see how how it's actually running, and just starting off, with virtually no load on it, it's running at 180. This feature was a part of our CPU pages, and we expanded it to include all processors, and allow selection of any processor in the list. Brief characteristics of these parts, as well as stepping information, are provided below: Specifications. Core 2 Duo. List of Intel microprocessor families. Socket 1170 Bga Processory Kupit Nedorogo U Proverennyh Prodavcov Na Bigl Ua. About A4-Series family: AMD A4-Series for Notebooks family includes 24 processors, having from 2 to 4 cores, and running at frequencies up to 2. Supermicro Mbd X11sba F O Server Motherboard Intel N3700 Bga 1170 Exxact Laptop Cpu Upgrade Intel Celeron Pentium To Core I3 I5 I7 Processors KompomIntel PM45 CPU compatibility list. 2014-01-20 21:25:30. Specifications. In other sockets such as BGA sockets, processors are soldered directly to the mainboard and cannot be replaced independently later. 10. Turion II Dual-Core Mobile. All processors for socket BGA 1356. The performance value for many microprocessors was determined from more than 10 different synthetic tests and real-world benchmarks. Yes, if the processor uses a BGA socket, it cannot be upgraded. New embedded CPUs are Celeron G3900TE, Pentium G4400TE, mobile Celeron G3900E and G3902E. For each benchmarked. CPUs, similar to Intel Core i5-2540M (BGA) The Intel i5-2540M is based on Sandy Bridge core, and it uses BGA1023. As you may notice, sockets and. Operating System. Terutama yang lagi ingin upgrade processor, tentunya hal ini dapat membuat Anda menjadi bingung. Intel. This feature was a part of our CPU pages, and we expanded it to include all processors, and allow selection of any processor in the list. chevron_left chevron_right. Intel Xeon E-2314. Specifications. 1C 1T @ 1,46 GHz. Posted by: Kishan singh. 2. Free shipping. Here you can quickly compare any "Kaby Lake" microprocessor in socket BGA1356 compatible package with all other CPUs for the same socket and microarchitecture. Other key factors are: socket type, package type, maximum Thermal Design Power, BIOS version, CPU core. All A6-Series CPUs have up to 4 MB of L2 cache, and Thermal Design Power in the 25. HM77 Express. Well, I've done a CPU upgrade yet again. Supermicro X7spe H Server Motherboard Intel Chipset Socket Bga 559 Retail Pack Mini Itx 1 X Processor Support 4 Gb Ddr2 Sdram Maximum Ram 667. All A6-Series CPUs have up to 4 MB of L2 cache, and Thermal Design Power in the 25. You must check if the motherboard really supports them and if the processor is soldered. Ball Grid Array, or BGA, refers to a memory chip with small solder balls fixed on the bottom for mounting. HM76 Express. There are also 11 AMD Raven Ridge chips, that work in the same socket. On this page, you'll find out which processor has better performance in benchmarks, games and other useful information. Home FCBGA1515 Socket CPU Benchmarks. AMD Ryzen 5 3600 6-Core, 12-Thread Unlocked Desktop Processor with Wraith Stealth CoolerBGA-1090 →. PGA is the other way around. Partial characteristics of these CPUs, together with stepping information, are provided below: Specifications. Before attempting to switch the processor, I would try the following: 1. 2. There are also 17 Intel Bay Trail-M CPUs, that work in the same socket. Related Coffee Lake CPUs for socket BGA1440. 3 GHz for some parts. Most CPUs have Turbo technology enabled. Socket. Dans d'autres sockets tels que les sockets BGA, les processeurs sont soudés directement sur la carte. Sort by. 4141. #1. It was replaced by the Intel Processor brand in 2023. ASUS ROG RYUO III 360 RGB Liquid CPU Cooling System - White and more. #7. Explore the unique features NVIDIA L40S GPUs that accelerate your most complex workloads Learn more chevron_right. All Core i3 microprocessors use three-level cache architecture, and integrate up to 6 MB of L3. 2 GHz Clock Speed. . The Mobile Celeron N3160 is a BGA1170 processor, based on Braswell core. Specifications. Home FCBGA1090 Socket CPU Benchmarks. Intel® Turbo Boost Max Technology 3. ソケット BGA 1168 の CPU リスト. 9 GHz Clock Speed. Number of cores. Total Threads 16. Supported CPU families. 2 Core and 4 Thread with 1. There are also 15 Intel Penryn parts, that work in the same socket. High Definition Audio. The AMD 2200G is a Socket AM4 microprocessor, based on Raven Ridge core. 5 GHz Clock Speed. 2% Benchmark Score. #2. Intel Xeon W-10885M. It too is Ivy Bridge. This product is not in stock but can be ordered by special order to the manufacturer. My PC Build. Processor. Memory channels (total): 2. Here you can quickly compare any "Haswell" microprocessor in socket BGA1364 compatible package with all other CPUs for the same socket and microarchitecture. Below you will find brief characteristics and stepping information for these chips. 4. This feature allows CPUs operate at higher than the base frequency, in some cases as high as 3. Dec 30, 2015. The chipset is only one of key elements that determine CPU compatibility. Important: Below is a support list for the HM77 Express chipset, and not a support list for your motherboard, built on that chipset. CPU use. Intel's top-of-the-line CPU, the Core i9-13900K / KF, sports 24 cores and 32 threads with a maximum boost clock of 5. 90 GHz. ソケット BGA 1168 の CPU リスト. 6 GHz Clock Speed. 단점 : AMD CPU의 경우 CPU 쿨러를 분리할 때 써멀이 굳어 쿨러에 CPU가 붙어 같이 딸려나오는 경우가 있는데. 1. Atom, with codenames of Silverthorne and Diamondville, was first announced on March 2, 2008. There are also 43 Ivy Bridge chips, that work in the same socket. Bersihkan Socket Dahulu #4. On 4/29/2021 at 4:17 AM, Eigenvektor said: If you have the necessary equipment for soldering, you might still run into issues with the BIOS that may or may not support/blacklist that CPU. 30 GHz) BGA 437 Socket online at low price in India on Amazon. Harga Processor Intel Core i5 4570 / 4590 / 4670 / 4690 Tray Socket 1150 Ci5. The performance value for many microprocessors was determined from more than 10 different synthetic and real-world benchmarks. - Up to 4 socket scalable performance, advanced reliability, and advanced security solutions. There are also 11 Braswell parts, that work in the same socket. This allows for placing and replacing the central processing unit (CPU) without soldering. Yo tengo una net con el mismo procesador, y ram. 00GHz Intel Pentium Silver J5005 Intel Pentium Silver N5000 @ 1. 4. With 2 cores in use it. 1pcs Adapter Rpga 989 Foxconn Bga Socket Intel Cpu Base Model 989pin For Sale Online Ebay. The chipset is only one of key elements that determine CPU compatibility. SSE3. As you may notice, sockets and. Asus J1800M A Desktop Motherboard Intel Chipset Socket BGA 1170 Intel Celeron J1800 Dual core 2 Core - Office Depot. back to index. The LGA1150 was introduced in June 2013 and it succeeded socket 1155, which was utilized by "Sandy Bridge" and "Ivy Bridge. There are also 17 Bay Trail-M parts, that work in the same socket. And also, I think the case would more likely be the GPU bottlenecking the i7-5500U. Generation. Remove ram and hdd and dvd then all screws holding bottom on ( battery removed and facing upwards and in back). The CPUs have Thermal Design Power in the range from 4 Watt to 35 Watt. Joined. Looking For Compatible Cpu Cpus Motherboards And Memory Linus Tech Tips. AMD A6-Series family is comprised of 25 CPUs, having from 2 to 4 cores, and running at frequencies up to 4 GHz. ”. Sort by. CPU Benchmark AMD A6-9225 AMD A4-9125 AMD E2-9030 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500. The number of controllers: 1. Intel Core i7-3689Y @ 1. 10GHz Intel Celeron J4105 Intel Pentium Silver N5030 @ 1. 06-03-2019 10:26 PM. Here you can quickly compare any "Silvermont" microprocessor in socket BGA1170 compatible package with all other CPUs for the same socket and microarchitecture. Specifications. 51%. Product Collection Code Name Processor Number # of Cores # of Threads Base Frequency Litho-graphy Spec Code Step-ping Ordering Code; Celeron J-Series: Gemini LakeTANYA UPGRADE BGA PROCESSOR. 2 GHz Clock Speed. Steppings. Intel Core m5-6Y54. Socket 1170 BGA. First, you need to check what type of CPU socket your motherboard has, as it has to match the socket of your CPU. Right now it's running a dual-core, dual-thread CPU from AMD that's overheating like mad. Best Budget Intel Gaming CPU. Below you will find partial characteristics of these CPUs, together with stepping information. This feature was a part of our CPU pages, and we expanded it to include all processors, and allow selection of any processor in the list. 00GHz Intel Pentium Silver J5005 Intel Pentium Silver N5000 @ 1. All A4-Series processors have up to 2 MB of L2. The chipset is only one of key elements that determine CPU compatibility. To upgrade a BGA-based processor, you’ll need to do one of two things: Upgrade your motherboard along with. Intel Core i5 Mobile family contains 150 processors, having from 2 to 6 cores, and running at frequencies up to 3. There are also 11 Intel Braswell parts, that work in the same socket. 4 Watt to 35 Watt. Specifications. In this video, Josh upgrades the slow Atom CPU on a low-end HP laptop to a faster Pentium CPU. View Images Library Photos and Pictures. This feature allows microprocessors operate at higher than the base frequency, in some cases as high as 3. Here you can quickly compare any "Tiger Lake" microprocessor in socket BGA1449 compatible package with all other CPUs for the same socket and microarchitecture. 60 GHz: Maximum Frequency: 2. If you're shopping for a new CPU and motherboard, then you can proceed straight to our AMD processor socket list below. Intel. Part numbers of tray N3700 CPUs are FH8066501715906 and FH8066501715923. W-Win Store. Supplemental SSE3. Processor AMD lebih dikenal di kalangan para pecinta gaming. . Turion 64 Mobile technology. If the CPU model name was something like i7-4700 M Q that the socket is upgrade-able (thats what the M means) ZdddZ. Viewing: 1 - 15 of 15 FCBGA-1170 CPU - Central Processing Units are available at Mouser Electronics. 4 GHz. 0 KB x 2: L1 Data Cache: 24. Socket 478: Jun 24 2004. Benchmark: 507. Intel's famous first processor, the Intel 386, used a 132-pin PGA socket (I'll explain this acronym in a moment). 18,715. This feature was a part of our CPU pages, and we expanded it to include all processors, and allow selection of any processor in the list. They're bare die CPUs soldered directly to the motherboard and are used in laptops or, as you have found out, prebuilts. Socket 939: “Simplified” version of the server Socket 940. Hier haben wir alle Prozessoren für den Sockel BGA 1170 aufgelistet. Intel Core i3 Mobile, Core i5 Mobile, Core i7 Mobile, Mobile Celeron Dual-Core, Pentium Dual-Core Mobile. CPU Sockets; Socket Pin count CPU families Frequency (MHz) Bus Frequency (MHz) Slot 1 / SC242: 242: Intel Celeron Intel Pentium II Intel Pentium III: 233 - 1000: 66 - 133: Socket 7: 321: AMD K5 / K6 / K6-2 / K6-III Cyrix 6x86, 6x86L, 6x86MX, MII IBM 6x86, 6x86L, 6x86MX IDT Winchip 2, Winchip C6 Intel Pentium, Pentium MMX Rise Technology MP6 ST. CPU Socket. Land Grid Array (LGA) and Ball Grid Gray (BGA) are both Surface Mount Technologies (SMT) for motherboards. Turion 64 X2 Mobile technology. There are also 40 Intel Sandy Bridge processors, that work in the same socket. BGA 1170 CPU / Processors. I know this is possible with the X230 thanks to xytech, documentation on the X230 cpu mod may help in finding out info regarding the X270. That feature can temporarily "overclock" one or more cores, and boost frequency as high as 4. Socket 478 (mPGA478B) is a Pin Grid Array (PGA) socket for microprocessors based on Intel NetBurst architecture. This feature was a part of our CPU pages, and we expanded it to include all processors, and allow selection of any processor in the list. There are also 17 Intel Bay Trail-M CPUs, that work in the same socket. 499. Reply. CPUs, similar to Intel Core i7-4702MQ. Third Generation Opteron. Also, it looks like it might be a tight fit, or even a bit too tall, at 82mm. Cari Processor Pengganti yang Sesuai dengan Socket #2. Free shipping. Max Turbo Frequency 4. Product Collection Code Name Processor Name Processor Intel Pentium N3710 Benchmark score and Performance test comparison Cinebench R20 - Cinebench R15- Intel Pentium N3710 CPU Processors is Manufacture by Intel CO, with 4 Cores and 4 Thread and Base Clock speed 1. Steppings. 8.